Around 600 educators (called " Thomasites") who arrived in that year aboard the USAT Thomas replaced the soldiers who also functioned as teachers. By 1901, public education used English as the medium of instruction. occupation and civil regime, English began to be taught in schools. Following the American occupation of the Philippines and the imposition of English, the use of Spanish declined gradually, especially after the 1940s. National hero José Rizal wrote most of his works in Spanish.
It was also the language of the Philippine Revolution, and the 1899 Malolos Constitution effectively proclaimed it as the official language of the First Philippine Republic.
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In 1863, a Spanish decree introduced universal education, creating free public schooling in Spanish.
Spanish was the official language of the country for more than three centuries under Spanish colonial rule, and became the lingua franca of the Philippines in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Language map of the 12 recognized auxiliary languages based on Ethnologue maps. This, among other reasons, has resulted in a rivalry between the two language groups. Only Filipino and English are official languages and are taught in schools. Tagalog and Cebuano are the most commonly spoken native languages, together comprising about half of the population of the Philippines. Additionally, the Arabic script is used in the Muslim areas in the southern Philippines. Baybayin, though generally not understood, is one of the most well-known of the Philippine indigenous scripts and is used mainly in artistic applications such as on the Philippine banknotes, where the word "Pilipino" is inscribed using the writing system.
The indigenous scripts of the Philippines (such as the Kulitan, Tagbanwa and others) are used very little instead, Philippine languages are today written in the Latin script because of the Spanish and American colonial experience. Some of these regional languages are also used in education. The other regional languages are given official auxiliary status in their respective places according to the constitution but particular languages are not specified. Including second-language speakers, there are more speakers of Filipino than English in the Philippines. While Filipino is used for communication across the country's diverse linguistic groups and in popular culture, the government operates mostly using English. On October 30, 2018, President Rodrigo Duterte signed into law Republic Act 11106, which declares Filipino Sign Language or FSL to be the country's official sign language and as the Philippine government's official language in communicating with the Filipino Deaf. Filipino is regulated by Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino and serves as a lingua franca used by Filipinos of various ethnolinguistic backgrounds. The 1987 constitution designates Filipino, a standardized version of Tagalog, as the national language and an official language along with English. A number of Spanish-influenced creole varieties generally called Chavacano are also spoken in certain communities. Almost all are Malayo-Polynesian languages native to the archipelago. There are some 120 to 187 languages spoken in the Philippines, depending on the method of classification.
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